SHE HAS ARMS ON BOARD.; THE STEAMER ALERT IS EN ROUTE TO CAPE HAYTIEN.
Date: 18 December 1888
Alert en Ruote with Arms
Robert Moses (December 18, 1888 – July 29, 1981) was an American urban planner and public official who worked in the New York metropolitan area during the early to mid-20th century. Moses is regarded as one of the most powerful and influential people in the history of New York City and New York state. The grand scale of his infrastructure projects and his philosophy of urban development influenced a generation of engineers, architects, and urban planners across the United States.
Never elected to any public office, Moses held various positions throughout his more-than-40-year career. He held as many as 12 titles at once, including New York City Parks Commissioner and chairman of the Long Island State Park Commission. By working closely with New York governor Al Smith early in his career, he became an expert in writing laws and navigating and manipulating the workings of state government. He created and led numerous semi-autonomous public authorities, through which he controlled millions of dollars in revenue and directly issued bonds to fund new ventures with little outside input or oversight.
Moses's projects transformed the New York area and revolutionized the way cities in the U.S. were designed and built. As Long Island State Park Commissioner, Moses oversaw the construction of Jones Beach State Park, the most visited public beach in the United States, and was the primary architect of the New York State Parkway System. As head of the Triborough Bridge Authority, Moses had near-complete control over bridges and tunnels in New York City as well as the tolls collected from them; he was responsible for, among others, the Triborough Bridge, the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, and the Throgs Neck Bridge, as well as several major highways. These roadways and bridges, alongside urban renewal efforts that destroyed huge swaths of tenement housing and replaced them with large public housing projects, transformed the physical fabric of New York and inspired other cities to undertake similar development endeavors.
Moses's reputation declined throughout the 1960s and 1970s, as community activists and elected officials began to cast doubt over the purported benefits of many of Moses's projects. Robert Caro's Pulitzer Prize-winning biography The Power Broker (1974) further characterized Moses's practices as being controlling, overly focused on car dependency, and motivated by racism and classism. In large part because of The Power Broker, Moses has come to be considered a controversial figure in the history of New York City, New York State, and the urban planning field.
Přečtěte si více...18. prosince 1888 bylo úterý pod hvězdičkou ♐. Byl 352 den v roce. Prezidentem Spojených států byl Grover Cleveland.
Pokud jste se narodili v tento den, je vám 137 let. Vaše poslední narozeniny byly čtvrtek 18. prosince 2025 před 159 dny. Vaše další narozeniny jsou pátek 18. prosince 2026, za 205 dní. Žili jste 50 197 dní nebo přibližně 1 204 746 hodin nebo přibližně 72 284 778 minut nebo přibližně 4 337 086 680 sekund.
Date: 18 December 1888
Alert en Ruote with Arms
Date: 18 December 1888
Wahalak; Negroes Kill Whites
Date: 19 December 1888
Date: 18 December 1888
Date: 19 December 1888
Date: 19 December 1888